The age of hyper-personalized attacks is almost upon us, warns security leader
Trend Micro Incorporated a global cybersecurity leader, today warned that highly customized, AI-powered attacks could supercharge scams, phishing and influence operations in 2025 and beyond.
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Jon Clay, VP of Threat Intelligence at Trend Micro: “As generative AI makes its way ever deeper into enterprises and the societies they serve, we need to be alert to the threats. Hyper-personalized attacks and agent AI subversion will require industry-wide effort to root out and address. Business leaders should remember that there’s no such thing as standalone cyber risk today. All security risk is ultimately business risk, with the potential to impact future strategy profoundly.”
Trend’s 2025 predictions report warns of the potential for malicious “digital twins,” where breached/leaked personal information (PII) is used to train an LLM to mimic the knowledge, personality, and writing style of a victim/employee. When deployed in combination with deepfake video/audio and compromised biometric data, they could be used to convince identity fraud or to “honeytrap” a friend, colleague, or family member.
Deepfakes and AI could also be leveraged in large-scale, hyper-personalized attacks to:
- Enhance business compromise (BEC/BPC) and “fake employee” scams at scale.
- Identify pig butchering victims.
- Lure and r****** these victims before handing them off to a human operator, who can chat via the “personality filter” of an LLM.
- Improved open-source intelligence gathering by adversaries.
- Capability development in pre-attack prep will improve attack success.
- Create authentic-seeming social media personas at scale to spread mis/disinformation and scams.
Elsewhere, businesses that adopt AI in greater numbers in 2025 will need to be on the lookout for threats such as:
- Vulnerability exploitation and hijacking of AI agents to manipulate them into performing harmful or unauthorized actions.
- Unintended information leakage (from GenAI)
- Benign or malicious system resource consumption by AI agents, leading to denial of service.
Outside the world of AI threats
The report highlights additional areas for concern in 2025, including:
Vulnerabilities
- Memory management and memory corruption bugs, vulnerability chains, and exploits targeting APIs
- More container escapes
- Older, simpler vulnerabilities like cross-site scripting (XSS) and SQL injections
- The potential for a single vulnerability in a widely adopted system to ripple across multiple models and manufacturers, such as a connected vehicle ECU
Ransomware
Threat actors will respond to advances in endpoint detection and response (EDR) tooling by:
- Creating kill chains that use locations where most EDR tools aren’t installed (e.g., cloud systems or mobile, edge, and IoT devices)
- Disabling AV and EDR altogether
- Using bring your own vulnerable driver (BYOVD) techniques.
- Hiding shellcodes inside inconspicuous loaders
- Redirecting Windows subsystem execution to compromise EDR/AV detection.
The result will be faster attacks with fewer steps in the kill chain that are harder to detect.
Time for action
In response to these escalating threats and an expanding corporate attack surface, Trend recommends:
- Implementing a risk-based approach to cybersecurity, enabling centralized identification of diverse assets and effective risk assessment/prioritization/mitigation
- Harnessing AI to assist with threat intelligence, asset profile management, attack path prediction, and remediation guidance—ideally from a single platform.
- Updating user training and awareness in line with recent AI advances and how they enable cybercrime.
- Monitoring and securing AI technology against abuse, including security for input and response validation or actions generated by AI
- For LLM security: hardening sandbox environments, implementing strict data validation, and deploying multi-layered defenses against prompt injection
- Understanding the organization’s position within the supply chain, addressing vulnerabilities in public-facing servers, and implementing multi-layered defenses within internal networks
- Facilitating end-to-end visibility into AI agents
- Implementing Attack Path Prediction to mitigate cloud threats
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